2008年12月英语四六级考试语法权威解析
一、动词语态详解
语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：
1. I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音机。
2. The radio has been repaired.
收音机被修好了。
3. The students cleaned the classroom.
学生们打扫了教室。
4. The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被学生们打扫了。
被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词
1. A building was damaged by the storm.
暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
2. Our plate was made in China.
我们的盘子是中国生产的。
3. My bike was stolen.
我的自行车被盗了。
常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以 ask 为例：
现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
过去将来I shall be asked
被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。
1. Has your TV set been repaired?
你的电视机修了吗?
2. Was the kite broken?
风筝破了吗?
3. Has the work been done?
工作结束了吗?
被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.
1. The letter has not been sent out.
信还没有发出去。
2. The little boy has not been found out.
小孩还没有找到。
3. The cap has not been mended yet.
帽子还没有补好。
4. Their money has not been sent to them.
他们的钱还没有送到他们手
二、方式状语从句讲解
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1)as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
1. Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
2. As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
3. Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2)as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1. They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
2. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
3. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
1. He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
2.
